移动端网站开发,学习php网站建设,做电影网站用什么虚拟主机,小伙做网色网站戳蓝字“CSDN云计算”关注我们哦#xff01;作者 | solocoder责编 | 阿秃点赞功能大家都不会陌生#xff0c;像微信这样的社交产品中都有#xff0c;但别看功能小#xff0c;想要做好需要考虑的东西还挺多的#xff0c;如海量数据的分布式存储、分布式缓存、多IDC的数据一… 戳蓝字“CSDN云计算”关注我们哦作者 | solocoder责编 | 阿秃点赞功能大家都不会陌生像微信这样的社交产品中都有但别看功能小想要做好需要考虑的东西还挺多的如海量数据的分布式存储、分布式缓存、多IDC的数据一致性、访问路由到机房的算法等等。本文介绍大型社交平台点赞系统的设计思路基于 SpringCloud, 用户发起点赞、取消点赞后先存入 Redis 中再每隔两小时从 Redis 读取点赞数据写入数据库中做持久化存储。点赞、取消点赞是高频次的操作若每次都读写数据库大量的操作会影响数据库性能所以需要做缓存。至于多久从 Redis 取一次数据存到数据库中根据项目的实际情况定吧我是暂时设了两个小时。项目需求需要查看都谁点赞了所以要存储每个点赞的点赞人、被点赞人不能简单的做计数。文章分四部分介绍Redis 缓存设计及实现数据库设计数据库操作开启定时任务持久化存储到数据库一、Redis 缓存设计及实现1.1 Redis 安装及运行Redis 安装请自行查阅相关教程。说下Docker 安装运行 Redis如果已经安装了 Redis打开命令行输入启动 Redis 的命令1.2 Redis 与 SpringBoot 项目的整合1.在 pom.xml 中引入依赖dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-data-redis/artifactId
/dependency2.在启动类上添加注释 EnableCachingSpringBootApplication
EnableDiscoveryClient
EnableSwagger2
EnableFeignClients(basePackages com.solo.coderiver.project.client)
EnableCaching
public class UserApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class, args); }
}3.编写 Redis 配置类 RedisConfigimport com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer; import java.net.UnknownHostException; Configuration
public class RedisConfig { Bean ConditionalOnMissingBean(name redisTemplate) public RedisTemplateString, Object redisTemplate( RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException { Jackson2JsonRedisSerializerObject jackson2JsonRedisSerializer new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializerObject(Object.class); ObjectMapper om new ObjectMapper(); om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY); om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL); jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om); RedisTemplateString, Object template new RedisTemplateString, Object(); template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); template.setKeySerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); template.setHashKeySerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); template.afterPropertiesSet(); return template; } Bean ConditionalOnMissingBean(StringRedisTemplate.class) public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate( RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException { StringRedisTemplate template new StringRedisTemplate(); template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); return template; }
}至此 Redis 在 SpringBoot 项目中的配置已经完成可以愉快的使用了。1.3 Redis 的数据结构类型Redis 可以存储键与5种不同数据结构类型之间的映射这5种数据结构类型分别为String字符串、List列表、Set集合、Hash散列和 Zset有序集合。下面来对这5种数据结构类型作简单的介绍1.4 点赞数据在 Redis 中的存储格式用 Redis 存储两种数据一种是记录点赞人、被点赞人、点赞状态的数据另一种是每个用户被点赞了多少次做个简单的计数。由于需要记录点赞人和被点赞人还有点赞状态点赞、取消点赞还要固定时间间隔取出 Redis 中所有点赞数据分析了下 Redis 数据格式中 Hash 最合适。因为 Hash 里的数据都是存在一个键里可以通过这个键很方便的把所有的点赞数据都取出。这个键里面的数据还可以存成键值对的形式方便存入点赞人、被点赞人和点赞状态。设点赞人的 id 为 likedPostId被点赞人的 id 为 likedUserId 点赞时状态为 1取消点赞状态为 0。将点赞人 id 和被点赞人 id 作为键两个 id 中间用 :: 隔开点赞状态作为值。所以如果用户点赞存储的键为likedUserId::likedPostId对应的值为 1 。取消点赞存储的键为likedUserId::likedPostId对应的值为 0 。取数据时把键用 :: 切开就得到了两个id也很方便。在可视化工具 RDM 中看到的是这样子1.5 操作 Redis将具体操作方法封装到了 RedisService 接口里RedisService.javaimport com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;
import com.solo.coderiver.user.dto.LikedCountDTO; import java.util.List; public interface RedisService { /** * 点赞。状态为1 * param likedUserId * param likedPostId */ void saveLiked2Redis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId); /** * 取消点赞。将状态改变为0 * param likedUserId * param likedPostId */ void unlikeFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId); /** * 从Redis中删除一条点赞数据 * param likedUserId * param likedPostId */ void deleteLikedFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId); /** * 该用户的点赞数加1 * param likedUserId */ void incrementLikedCount(String likedUserId); /** * 该用户的点赞数减1 * param likedUserId */ void decrementLikedCount(String likedUserId); /** * 获取Redis中存储的所有点赞数据 * return */ ListUserLike getLikedDataFromRedis(); /** * 获取Redis中存储的所有点赞数量 * return */ ListLikedCountDTO getLikedCountFromRedis(); }实现类 RedisServiceImpl.javaimport com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;
import com.solo.coderiver.user.dto.LikedCountDTO;
import com.solo.coderiver.user.enums.LikedStatusEnum;
import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.LikedService;
import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.RedisService;
import com.solo.coderiver.user.utils.RedisKeyUtils;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.Cursor;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.ScanOptions;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map; Service
Slf4j
public class RedisServiceImpl implements RedisService { Autowired RedisTemplate redisTemplate; Autowired LikedService likedService; Override public void saveLiked2Redis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) { String key RedisKeyUtils.getLikedKey(likedUserId, likedPostId); redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key, LikedStatusEnum.LIKE.getCode()); } Override public void unlikeFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) { String key RedisKeyUtils.getLikedKey(likedUserId, likedPostId); redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key, LikedStatusEnum.UNLIKE.getCode()); } Override public void deleteLikedFromRedis(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) { String key RedisKeyUtils.getLikedKey(likedUserId, likedPostId); redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key); } Override public void incrementLikedCount(String likedUserId) { redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, likedUserId, 1); } Override public void decrementLikedCount(String likedUserId) { redisTemplate.opsForHash().increment(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, likedUserId, -1); } Override public ListUserLike getLikedDataFromRedis() { CursorMap.EntryObject, Object cursor redisTemplate.opsForHash().scan(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, ScanOptions.NONE); ListUserLike list new ArrayList(); while (cursor.hasNext()){ Map.EntryObject, Object entry cursor.next(); String key (String) entry.getKey(); //分离出 likedUserIdlikedPostId String[] split key.split(::); String likedUserId split[0]; String likedPostId split[1]; Integer value (Integer) entry.getValue(); //组装成 UserLike 对象 UserLike userLike new UserLike(likedUserId, likedPostId, value); list.add(userLike); //存到 list 后从 Redis 中删除 redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED, key); } return list; } Override public ListLikedCountDTO getLikedCountFromRedis() { CursorMap.EntryObject, Object cursor redisTemplate.opsForHash().scan(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, ScanOptions.NONE); ListLikedCountDTO list new ArrayList(); while (cursor.hasNext()){ Map.EntryObject, Object map cursor.next(); //将点赞数量存储在 LikedCountDT String key (String)map.getKey(); LikedCountDTO dto new LikedCountDTO(key, (Integer) map.getValue()); list.add(dto); //从Redis中删除这条记录 redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(RedisKeyUtils.MAP_KEY_USER_LIKED_COUNT, key); } return list; }
}用到的工具类和枚举类RedisKeyUtils, 用于根据一定规则生成 keypackage com.solo.coderiver.user.enums; import lombok.Getter; /** * 用户点赞的状态 */
Getter
public enum LikedStatusEnum { LIKE(1, 点赞), UNLIKE(0, 取消点赞/未点赞), ; private Integer code; private String msg; LikedStatusEnum(Integer code, String msg) { this.code code; this.msg msg; }
}二、数据库设计数据库表中至少要包含三个字段被点赞用户id点赞用户id点赞状态。再加上主键id创建时间修改时间就行了。建表语句create table user_like( id int not null auto_increment, liked_user_id varchar(32) not null comment 被点赞的用户id, liked_post_id varchar(32) not null comment 点赞的用户id, status tinyint(1) default 1 comment 点赞状态0取消1点赞, create_time timestamp not null default current_timestamp comment 创建时间, update_time timestamp not null default current_timestamp on update current_timestamp comment 修改时间, primary key(id), INDEX liked_user_id(liked_user_id), INDEX liked_post_id(liked_post_id)
) comment 用户点赞表; 对应的对象 UserLikeimport com.solo.coderiver.user.enums.LikedStatusEnum;
import lombok.Data; import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id; /** * 用户点赞表 */
Entity
Data
public class UserLike { //主键id Id GeneratedValue(strategy GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Integer id; //被点赞的用户的id private String likedUserId; //点赞的用户的id private String likedPostId; //点赞的状态.默认未点赞 private Integer status LikedStatusEnum.UNLIKE.getCode(); public UserLike() { } public UserLike(String likedUserId, String likedPostId, Integer status) { this.likedUserId likedUserId; this.likedPostId likedPostId; this.status status; }
}三、数据库操作操作数据库同样封装在接口中LikedServiceimport com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable; import java.util.List; public interface LikedService { /** * 保存点赞记录 * param userLike * return */ UserLike save(UserLike userLike); /** * 批量保存或修改 * param list */ ListUserLike saveAll(ListUserLike list); /** * 根据被点赞人的id查询点赞列表即查询都谁给这个人点赞过 * param likedUserId 被点赞人的id * param pageable * return */ PageUserLike getLikedListByLikedUserId(String likedUserId, Pageable pageable); /** * 根据点赞人的id查询点赞列表即查询这个人都给谁点赞过 * param likedPostId * param pageable * return */ PageUserLike getLikedListByLikedPostId(String likedPostId, Pageable pageable); /** * 通过被点赞人和点赞人id查询是否存在点赞记录 * param likedUserId * param likedPostId * return */ UserLike getByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(String likedUserId, String likedPostId); /** * 将Redis里的点赞数据存入数据库中 */ void transLikedFromRedis2DB(); /** * 将Redis中的点赞数量数据存入数据库 */ void transLikedCountFromRedis2DB(); }LikedServiceImpl 实现类import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserInfo;
import com.solo.coderiver.user.dataobject.UserLike;
import com.solo.coderiver.user.dto.LikedCountDTO;
import com.solo.coderiver.user.enums.LikedStatusEnum;
import com.solo.coderiver.user.repository.UserLikeRepository;
import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.LikedService;
import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.RedisService;
import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.UserService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import java.util.List; Service
Slf4j
public class LikedServiceImpl implements LikedService { Autowired UserLikeRepository likeRepository; Autowired RedisService redisService; Autowired UserService userService; Override Transactional public UserLike save(UserLike userLike) { return likeRepository.save(userLike); } Override Transactional public ListUserLike saveAll(ListUserLike list) { return likeRepository.saveAll(list); } Override public PageUserLike getLikedListByLikedUserId(String likedUserId, Pageable pageable) { return likeRepository.findByLikedUserIdAndStatus(likedUserId, LikedStatusEnum.LIKE.getCode(), pageable); } Override public PageUserLike getLikedListByLikedPostId(String likedPostId, Pageable pageable) { return likeRepository.findByLikedPostIdAndStatus(likedPostId, LikedStatusEnum.LIKE.getCode(), pageable); } Override public UserLike getByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(String likedUserId, String likedPostId) { return likeRepository.findByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(likedUserId, likedPostId); } Override Transactional public void transLikedFromRedis2DB() { ListUserLike list redisService.getLikedDataFromRedis(); for (UserLike like : list) { UserLike ul getByLikedUserIdAndLikedPostId(like.getLikedUserId(), like.getLikedPostId()); if (ul null){ //没有记录直接存入 save(like); }else{ //有记录需要更新 ul.setStatus(like.getStatus()); save(ul); } } } Override Transactional public void transLikedCountFromRedis2DB() { ListLikedCountDTO list redisService.getLikedCountFromRedis(); for (LikedCountDTO dto : list) { UserInfo user userService.findById(dto.getId()); //点赞数量属于无关紧要的操作出错无需抛异常 if (user ! null){ Integer likeNum user.getLikeNum() dto.getCount(); user.setLikeNum(likeNum); //更新点赞数量 userService.updateInfo(user); } } }
}数据库的操作就这些主要还是增删改查。四、开启定时任务持久化存储到数据库定时任务 Quartz 很强大就用它了。Quartz 使用步骤1.添加依赖dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-quartz/artifactId
/dependency2.编写配置文件package com.solo.coderiver.user.config; import com.solo.coderiver.user.task.LikeTask;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; Configuration
public class QuartzConfig { private static final String LIKE_TASK_IDENTITY LikeTaskQuartz; Bean public JobDetail quartzDetail(){ return JobBuilder.newJob(LikeTask.class).withIdentity(LIKE_TASK_IDENTITY).storeDurably().build(); } Bean public Trigger quartzTrigger(){ SimpleScheduleBuilder scheduleBuilder SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule()
// .withIntervalInSeconds(10) //设置时间周期单位秒 .withIntervalInHours(2) //两个小时执行一次 .repeatForever(); return TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().forJob(quartzDetail()) .withIdentity(LIKE_TASK_IDENTITY) .withSchedule(scheduleBuilder) .build(); }
}3.编写执行任务的类继承自 QuartzJobBeanpackage com.solo.coderiver.user.task; import com.solo.coderiver.user.service.LikedService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.lang.time.DateUtils;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date; /** * 点赞的定时任务 */
Slf4j
public class LikeTask extends QuartzJobBean { Autowired LikedService likedService; private SimpleDateFormat sdf new SimpleDateFormat(yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss); Override protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException { log.info(LikeTask-------- {}, sdf.format(new Date())); //将 Redis 里的点赞信息同步到数据库里 likedService.transLikedFromRedis2DB(); likedService.transLikedCountFromRedis2DB(); }
}在定时任务中直接调用 LikedService 封装的方法完成数据同步。以上就是点赞功能的设计与实现不足之处还请各位大佬多多指教。如有更好的实现方案欢迎在评论区交流…福利扫描添加小编微信备注“姓名公司职位”入驻【CSDN博客】加入【云计算学习交流群】和志同道合的朋友们共同打卡学习推荐阅读
